Cattails must have their leaves and flower spikes above water to survive.

• A. True
• B. False
• C. Not applicable
• D. Depends on variety

Answer: (A)

Cattails are emergent aquatic plants that rely on having their leaves and flowering spikes rise above the water surface. The long, strap-like leaves gather sunlight for photosynthesis, which is most efficient when they’re exposed to light above the water. The flower spikes, or catkins, also appear above the surface so they can effectively release pollen and disperse seeds by wind. The roots and rhizomes stay in the wet substrate, but the aerial parts must be above water to sustain growth and reproduction. Submerging the leaves and flower spikes would limit light and hinder flowering, making survival harder.